Melampyrum pratense

RHS Plant Profile
common cow wheat
common cow wheat visionspictures.com

Other common names

gliniogai cyffredin

Annual Biennial

A native, annual wildflower, found throughout the British Isles but favouring the west and north. Slender upright stems to about 50cm carry narrow, pointed leaves that are food for the caterpillars of the heath fritillary butterfly. Narrow, tubular, yellow flowers are carried in widely spaced pairs on the upper half of the stem from late spring to early autumn, peaking in summer, and providing nectar for bees and food for caterpillars of the lead-coloured pug moth

Position

Full shade, Partial shade

Soil Types

Chalk, Loam

Size

Time to Maturity
1 year

Growing Conditions

Chalk Loam
Moisture
Well–drained
pH
Alkaline or Neutral

Position

Full shade Partial shade
Aspect
East–facing or North–facing or West–facing
Exposure
Sheltered
Hardiness
H6

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Orobanchaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
Yes
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Tufted
Genus
Name Status
Correct

How to Grow

Cultivation

Has two subspecies found in different locations. The more common subsp. pratense occurs in open woodland, grassy clearings, scrub and moorland on acid soil; subsp. commutatum occurs on chalk or limestone soils in scrub, hedgerows or deciduous woodland. Both favour well-drained soil in a sunny or part-shaded position. It is a hemi-parasite, meaning it can photosynthesise but also derives some of its nourishment by parasitism, probably on the roots of woody plants. Consequently, it is likely to be difficult to establish away from its natural environment

Propagation

Naturally propagates by seed, often spread by wood ants

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Cottage and informal garden
  • Wildlife gardens
  • Banks and slopes

Pruning

No pruning required

Pests

Generally pest-free

Diseases

Generally disease-free