Trillium erectum

RHS Plant Profile
birthroot

Other common names

American shamrock, bathroot, bethroot, bloody nose, bumblebee root, death root, dog flower, ground lily, Indian balm, lamb's quarters, lamb's succory, orange blossoms, red Benjamin, stinking Benjamin, herb Paris, nosebleed, true love

Award of Garden Merit
Herbaceous Perennial

A perennial to 50cm in height, with erect stems each bearing a whorl of three broadly ovate leaves and a solitary, terminal, nodding deep maroon, occasionally white, flowers 5-9cm across in spring

Position

Full shade, Partial shade

Soil Types

Loam, Sand, Clay

Max Height

0.1-0.5 metres

Max Spread

0.1-0.5 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
2–5 years
Max Spread
0.1-0.5 metres
Max Height
0.1-0.5 metres

Growing Conditions

Loam Sand Clay
Moisture
Moist but well–drained
pH
Acid or Neutral

Position

Full shade Partial shade
Aspect
North–facing or West–facing or East–facing
Exposure
Sheltered
Hardiness
H5

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Melanthiaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
No
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Columnar upright
Genus
Trillium are rhizomatous, herbaceous perennials with erect stems bearing a whorl of ovate or diamond-shaped leaves, with one or more erect or nodding flowers borne at the stem apex
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
E North America

How to Grow

Cultivation

Grow in deep, moist but well-drained, humus-rich, preferably acid to neutral soil in deep or partial shade. Mulch in autumn with leaf mould. See trillium cultivation

Propagation

Propagate by seed in pots in a shady cold frame as soon as seed is ripe; takes 5-7 years to reach flowering size. Propagate rhizomes by division after flowering or cut out the growing point from the rhizome after flowering, which stimulates the formation

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Underplanting of roses and shrubs
  • Flower borders and beds

Pruning

No pruning required

Pests

May be susceptible to slugs and snails

Diseases

Generally disease-free