What is soil made of?
Learn about the ingredients that turn into soil over a long period of time.
Quick facts
Learning objectives:
Learn about rock, weathering and soils
1
Practise working scientifically
2
Perform simple tests and report findings
3
Science: Explore the properties of different soil types (sand, clay, loam) and how they affect plant growth
4
Geography: Understand soil characteristics in different environments and their impact on gardening
5
Maths: Measure soil samples and analyse data to assess soil types
6
Key vocabulary
Soil | Texture | Sand | Clay | Loam | Test | Water | Mix
Preparation and equipment
Preparation
As this is a messy activity aprons may need to be worn to protect clothes.
Equipment
- Three dry soil samples which are mainly clay, mainly sand or loam in three containers labelled A, B and C
- A bowl containing tap water
- Hand washing facilities
- Ruler
- Wipe down surface
Step by step
- Introduce the concept that soils are made from rock fragments and that these fragments can be felt by doing a soil texture test
- Taking a sample from each of the three bowls decide whether A, B and C soil samples are sand, clay or loam. Find out more about soil types here
- Ask questions such as which soil type would they prefer to have in their garden and which soil would need to be watered more often
- As well as the rock fragments, ask what other ingredients would there be in the garden soil outside
- Wipe down surfaces and wash hands. A clay soil sticks to your fingers more than a sandy soil
Hints and tips
- Once learners have learnt the basic steps of how to assess their soil, go and collect different soil samples from around the garden
- Samples should be taken approximately 15cm below the surface
