Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana

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Caucasian fir

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Conifers Trees

Evergreen coniferous tree to 30m or more, with a regular, narrow, conical or columnar crown. Dense, rounded, glossy dark green leaves, notched, with a sunken midrib, are held in distinctive sprays where a proportion of the needles are swept forwards above the shoots, almost obscuring it. Slender, tapered, reddish-brown cones are 15cm long and 5cm wide

Position

Full sun

Soil Types

Clay, Loam, Sand

Max Height

Higher than 12 metres

Max Spread

4-8 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
20–50 years
Max Spread
4-8 metres
Max Height
Higher than 12 metres

Growing Conditions

Clay Loam Sand
Moisture
Moist but well–drained
pH
Acid or Neutral

Position

Full sun
Aspect
South–facing or West–facing or East–facing
Exposure
Sheltered
Hardiness

Hardiness Ratings

All ratings refer to the UK growing conditions unless otherwise stated. Minimum temperature ranges (in degrees C) are shown in brackets

  • H1A: under glass all year (>15C)
  • H1B: can be grown outside in the summer (10 - 15)
  • H1C: can be grown outside in the summer (5 - 10)
  • H2: tolerant of low temperatures, but not surviving being frozen (1 to 5)
  • H3: hardy in coastal and relatively mild parts of the UK (-5 to 1)
  • H4: hardy through most of the UK (-10 to -5)
  • H5: hardy in most places throughout the UK even in severe winters (-15 to -10)
  • H6: hardy in all of UK and northern Europe (-20 to -15)
  • H7: hardy in the severest European continental climates (< -20)
H7

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Pinaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
No
Foliage
Evergreen
Habit
Columnar upright
Genus
Abies are evergreen conifers, often very tall, with whorled branches bearing flattened, linear leaves, often whitish beneath, and on the upper branches, large cones which break up whilst attached to the tree
Name Status
Correct

How to Grow

Cultivation

Grow in moist but well-drained slightly acidic soil in full sun or part shade in a sheltered position out of cold winds. See conifer cultivation

Propagation

Propagate by seed in containers in a coldframe, as soon as ripe or in late winter - stratify for 21 days to aid germination; propagate by grafting in winter

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Architectural
  • Coastal
  • Wildlife gardens
  • Low Maintenance

Pruning

No pruning required

Pests

May be susceptible to adelgids and aphids

Diseases

Generally disease-free, but may be susceptible to honey fungus