Orchis mascula

RHS Plant Profile
early purple orchid
early purple orchid RHS

Other common names

Aaron's beard, Adam-and-Eve, adder's grass, ballock grass, bloody man's finger, blue butcher, bullock grass, crake feet, cuckooflower, cuckooflower orchid, dead man's finger, dead man's fingers, dead man's thumb, Gethsemane, hand orchid, keat legs, keat's legs, kite pan, kite's legs, long purples, May orchid, purple orchid, purple wreathwort, ram's horns, satyricon, spotted orchid, tegeirian coch

Synonyms

Dactylorhiza mascula

Herbaceous Perennial

A terrestrial orchid with leaves usually spotted with deep purple, and dense, upright spikes of small, intricate, light to dark purple flowers from spring to early summer

Position

Full sun, Partial shade

Soil Types

Clay, Loam

Max Height

0.1-0.5 metres

Max Spread

0.1-0.5 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
2–5 years
Max Spread
0.1-0.5 metres
Max Height
0.1-0.5 metres

Growing Conditions

Clay Loam
Moisture
Moist but well–drained
pH
Acid or Alkaline or Neutral

Position

Full sun Partial shade
Aspect
East–facing or West–facing
Exposure
Exposed or Sheltered
Hardiness
H5

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Orchidaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
Yes
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Columnar upright
Genus
Orchis are tuberous, terrestrial orchids with rosettes of light to dark green leaves, sometimes purple-spotted, and dense, upright spikes of delicate, purple, red, pink, green, yellow or white flowers
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
Europe, Africa, Asia

How to Grow

Cultivation

Grows best in fertile, moist, humus-rich soil in partial shade, though tolerates full sun in cooler areas. Plant dormant tubers in autumn at least 8cm deep

Propagation

Propagate by separating offsets in spring

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Cottage and informal garden
  • Wildflower meadow
  • Wildlife gardens
  • Flower borders and beds

Pruning

No pruning required

Pests

May be susceptible to slugs and snails

Diseases

Generally disease-free