Theobroma cacao

RHS Plant Profile
cocoa

Other common names

cacao, cacao butter tree, chocolate nut tree, cocoa tree

Trees

A small, semi-evergreen to evergreen tree, which grows up to 8 metres in its native habitat, but much shorter in cooler climates. The long, oval foliage is dark green and lush with prominent dark veining. Clusters of white flowers with a pink calyx emerge directly from the trunk or branches on trees that are 3 to 4 years old. The fruit is large and ovoid, ripening from yellow to orange, with the seeds or 'beans' being the main ingredient of chocolate. It will take around 5 years for trees to begin fruiting. Although Cacao trees can live for up to 100 years, they generally only fruit for half of their lifetime, with the peak fruiting age at around 10 years old

Position

Partial shade

Soil Types

Loam, Sand

Size

Time to Maturity
10–20 years

Growing Conditions

Loam Sand
Moisture
Well–drained
pH
Acid or Neutral

Position

Partial shade
Aspect
East–facing or South–facing or West–facing
Exposure
Sheltered
Hardiness
H1A

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Malvaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
No
Foliage
Evergreen, Semi evergreen
Habit
Bushy
Genus
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
C & S America

How to Grow

Cultivation

Grow in well-drained, slightly acidic soil, incorporating well-rotted organic matter. Feed with a balanced fertiliser every couple of weeks during the growing season. Not easy to grow in the UK as it requires consistent warmth and high humidity to thrive, so best grown in a heated greenhouse with a temperature of between 18-32°C 12°C (65-90°F). Protect from cold temperatures below 12°C (54°F)

Propagation

Propagate by semi-hardwood cuttings or grafting. It is possible to propagate by seed, but plants may not come true to seed and may vary in traits

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Sub-tropical
  • Conservatory and greenhouse

Pruning

For container-grown trees, prune once or twice a year, taking out the top of the plant to maintain height. Remove dead or dying branches during the growing season

Pests

May be susceptible to mealybugs and capsid bug, aphids, scale insects, red spider mite and fungus gnats

Diseases

May be susceptible to fungus diseases, including phytophthora