Papaver somniferum

RHS Plant Profile
opium poppy

Other common names

balewort, carnation poppy, fairy's charms, Joan silver pin, John's silver pin, marble flower, maw seed, opium, peony poppy, white poppy, dream plant, flower of Venus, moonflower, sweet slumber, llysiau'r cwsg

Synonyms

Papaver hortense

Plants for pollinators
Annual Biennial

A smooth, glaucous annual, to 120cm, with heart-shaped leaves, the upper ones clasping the stem and with toothed, wavy margins. The wide-open flowers have large petals surrounding a green, urn-shaped capsule with a flat cap, and many dark purple or yellow stamens. The capsule enlarges after flowering and makes a decorative cut flower fresh or dried. Colour is variable, often white or mauve, but garden selections may be in many shades of red, pink, purple and near black. Double and laciniate forms are widely available

Position

Full sun, Partial shade

Soil Types

Chalk, Loam, Sand

Max Height

1-1.5 metres

Max Spread

0.1-0.5 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
1 year
Max Spread
0.1-0.5 metres
Max Height
1-1.5 metres

Growing Conditions

Chalk Loam Sand
Moisture
Moist but well–drained or Well–drained
pH
Acid or Alkaline or Neutral

Position

Full sun Partial shade
Aspect
South–facing or East–facing or West–facing
Exposure
Exposed or Sheltered
Hardiness
H5
Drought Resistance
Yes

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Papaveraceae
Native to GB/Ireland
Yes
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Columnar upright
Potentially harmful
Harmful if eaten. Wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling Pets: Harmful if eaten - see the HTA guide to potentially harmful plants for further information and useful contact numbers
Genus
Papaver can be annuals, biennials or herbaceous perennials with simple or pinnately divided leaves and short-lived, saucer-shaped, 4-petalled flowers which may be solitary or in racemes
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
W & C Mediterranean, Macaronesia

How to Grow

Cultivation

Easy to grow in any well-drained or moist but well-drained soil in full sun or light shade. Short-lived flowers have distinctive ""pepper-pot"" seed pods

Propagation

Propagate by seed in situ during spring

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Gravel garden
  • Prairie planting
  • Wildflower meadow
  • Cottage and informal garden
  • Flower borders and beds

Pruning

No pruning required but deadhead if seed is not required

Pests

May be susceptible to aphids

Diseases

May be susceptible to downy mildews, powdery mildews, fungal wilts and verticillium wilt