How to grow clivias

What are clivias?

Clivias are tender bulbous perennials from South Africa that produce a spectacular display of flowers in spring and summer. Sometimes known as Natal lilies, they’re popular as houseplants, as they’re easy to grow and resilient, and they tolerate low light. The fragrant, trumpet-shaped or tubular blooms come in various colours, from cream and pale yellow to vibrant orange and red. They’re held in a cluster on top of a sturdy stem, up to 45cm (18in) tall, above a fountain on long, leathery, evergreen leaves.

Clivias can also be moved outdoors for the summer in the UK, to add a tropical look to a warm, sheltered spot in light shade.

Choosing clivias

There are three species of clivia with an RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM), which shows they performed well in RHS houseplant trials, so are reliable choices for your home:

• Clivia miniata AGM – the most widely available species, with orange funnel-shaped flowers that have a yellow throat
• Clivia miniata var. citrina AGM – pale lemon-yellow trumpet flowers up to 7cm (3in) long
• Clivia nobilis AGM – with curved, tubular red-and-yellow flowers with green tips
  
  

Buying clivias

Clivias can sometimes be tricky to track down, but may be available in the houseplants section of large garden centres, especially in spring and early summer when in flower. For tips on choosing good quality plants, see our guide to buying from garden centres. Clivias are also available online from houseplant and tropical plant suppliers, including RHS Plants. See our guide to buying by mail order.

Clivia seeds are sometimes available from larger seed stockists, but the resulting plants take several years to reach flowering size. (See Propagation, below.)

Choosing the best houseplants

How to choose healthy plants

Clivias can be kept in their original container for several years. They are generally slow growing and often flower better when their roots are a little crowded, as they dislike being disturbed. However, they do usually need re-potting every three to five years, once the roots are tightly packed or are starting to come out of the drainage holes. This is best done in early spring:

• Wear gloves when handling clivias, as the sap
  Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding. may irritate skin
• Choose a container that’s just a few centimetres larger than the old one, to avoid overpotting, as this can deter flowering
• Use a mix of peat-free loam-based John Innes No 2 compost
  Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: • Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own. , peat-free multi-purpose compost, grit and leafmould
• Position the plant at the same depth as previously, with the ‘neck’ (from where the leaves sprout) protruding above the compost

Also see our guides:

How to repot a plant

Peat-free compost choices

Location

• Place clivias in bright, filtered or indirect light. Avoid direct sun in summer, as it can scorch the leaves
• Keep plants away from radiators and other heat sources, and out of cold draughts

Over winter, move clivias to a cool or unheated room, at about 10°C (50°F). An enclosed porch, cool hallway, or a conservatory, greenhouse or similar, might also suit. This mimics the winter conditions in the plant’s native

A native plant is one that originated or arrived naturally in a particular place without human involvement. In the British Isles, native plants are those that were here during the last ice age or have arrived unaided since. South Africa, and stimulates it to start flowering in spring.

Clivias can also be moved outdoors over the summer months, after hardening off, into a warm, sheltered spot. Keep them out of direct sun. They can usually cope down to 5°C (41°F), so bring them back indoors in late summer or early autumn, before night temperatures fall too low.

Watering

• In spring – gradually increase watering as the flower buds
  A bud is a small, undeveloped shoot that contains the potential for new growth. Buds are typically found on stems, where they can be apical (found at the tip) or axillary (found between leaf axils) and may develop into leaves, shoots or flowers. develop
• In summer and autumn – water regularly
• In winter – water sparingly, but never let the compost
  Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: • Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own. dry out completely

Always take care not to overwater clivias, as the roots can rot in soggy compost, especially over winter. A drier spell in winter helps to initiate flowering.

Feeding

To boost growth and flowering, you can feed weekly with a general liquid houseplant fertiliser throughout spring.

Also, top-dress containers annually in early spring – remove the top layer of compost and replace with fresh potting compost.

Encourage flowering

• Clivias flower best when well established in a container that’s at least 20cm (8in) in diameter
• In winter (November to February), move your clivia to a cool but bright spot, at about 10°C (50°F). Water sparingly, but don’t let the compost dry out
• In March, move it back into a well-lit position, at about 16°C (60°F), and increase watering. Keep the compost just moist, but never waterlogged
  Describes soil or potting compost that is saturated with water. The water displaces air from the spaces between soil particles and plant roots can literally drown, unless they are adapted to growing in waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging is common on poorly drained soil or when heavy soil is compacted. . Apply a balanced liquid houseplant feed weekly until flower buds form

Deadheading

Once all the flowers in the cluster have faded, remove the whole flower stem at the base. It’s best to wear gloves for this, as the sap

Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding. can irritate skin.

Apart from deadheading and removing fading leaves, no other pruning or training is required.

You can make new plants by dividing a thriving clump after flowering and by sowing seeds.

By division

Over time, clivias naturally produce new young plants, or offsets, around the base. These can be detached and potted up separately in spring and summer:

• Tip the plant out of its pot and wash the compost
  Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: • Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own. away from the fleshy roots. Take care, as the roots are easily damaged
• Gently pull the smaller plants away, if possible, rather than cutting them off, as this does less damage
• Plant each of the offsets into its own small pot. This should be just large enough to accommodate the roots. Take care not to overpot into too large a container
• Keep at about 16°C (60°F) in bright, indirect light
• Water well and mist the foliage until they are well rooted and producing new leaves

The new plants should flower in a couple of years.

By seed

When clivias are grown indoors, their flowers won’t usually get pollinated and even though plants may form red fruits, the seeds inside won’t be viable. To remedy this, hand-pollinate with a paintbrush, transferring pollen between the flowers. Or move flowering plants outside to a warm, shady spot, to be pollinated naturally.

Pollinated flowers will form berries containing large seeds. Once the fruits are ripe, remove the seeds – see our guide to collecting seeds.

Sow immediately, without allowing the seeds to dry out:

• Fill small pots with peat-free loam-based seed compost
  Seed compost is a free-draining compost formulated for germinating seed. It often contains a mix of fine materials including sterilised loam, coir, coarse sand or grit. It contains low levels of nutrients, as high levels could damage seedlings. , such as peat-free John Innes No 1, and press one seed into the centre of each
• Water lightly to moisten the compost
• Stand the pots in a warm place, ideally in a heated propagator
  A heated propagator is a portable heated structure with a vented lid and adjustable, constant, thermostatic temperature control. It provides a warm, humid environment to help seeds germinate and cuttings to root quickly. , at about 21°C (70°F). Water sparingly to keep the compost slightly moist but not soggy
• Seedlings
  A seedling is a young plant grown from seed. should appear in six to eight weeks. Water regularly and keep at 16°C (60°F)

The new plants should flower in three to four years – flower colours may vary from the parent plants.

How to sow seeds indoors

How to use peat-free compost: for seeds and cuttings

Peat-free compost choices

Clivias are generally robust and trouble-free when grown in the correct conditions. However, when plants aren’t entirely happy, a few problems may arise.

Lack of flowers may be due to:

• Plants being in a container that is too large – see how to avoiding overpotting
• Too warm in winter – keep at about 10°C (50°F) from November to February
• Insufficient water when in active growth – this can cause the leaf tips to turn brown and prevent flowering
• Plants being too young – they take several years to reach flowering size

Flowers on short stalks, hidden among the leaves, may be caused by:

• Being too warm in winter – keep at 10°C (50°F) from November to February

Yellowing foliage may be due to:

• Lack of nutrients – apply a general houseplant feed regularly in spring and summer
• Overwatering and waterlogging – to revive a plant after a spell of waterlogging, remove it from its pot and cut off any dead or rotten roots. Remove any sour, waterlogged
  Describes soil or potting compost that is saturated with water. The water displaces air from the spaces between soil particles and plant roots can literally drown, unless they are adapted to growing in waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging is common on poorly drained soil or when heavy soil is compacted. compost
  Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: • Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own. and replace with fresh. Adjust watering so the compost is slightly moist but not soggy, and reduce watering in winter

Brown patches on leaves may be due to:

• Scorching in direct sun – this can happen in summer when light is refracted through a window or through water droplets on the leaves

Tufts of white, waxy wool on the leaves:

• a tell-tale sign of sap
  Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding. -feeding mealybugs

How to help a poorly houseplant

Leaf damage on houseplants