How to grow string of beads

String of beads and its relatives – what are they?

These trailing succulent houseplants are known botanically as Curio – an ideal name for such charming yet curious-looking plants. There are several species suited to sharing our homes, offering a choice of leaf shapes that give them their various common names, including string of tears, string of bananas, string of watermelons, and so on. The most popular is Curio rowleyanus, the classic string of beads, with long trailing stems covered in small green pea-like leaves.

These succulent plants originally come from arid regions of South Africa, and their fleshy leaves are able to store water, to last them through dry spells. When grown as houseplants, they need similar conditions to most other succulents

A group of plants that have thick, fleshy leaves or stems that are able to store water. This allows them to survive in arid habitats with low moisture.

, including free-draining, gritty compost

Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own.

, warmth, bright light and modest watering through the growing season

The period of time when an individual plant is in active growth. This will depend on the local climate and light levels, and can vary between different plants, although it is broadly from spring to autumn.

.

Take care when handling these plants, as the sap

Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding.

can cause severe skin irritation. They are also poisonous, so keep them out of reach of children and pets.

For more on growing succulent houseplants, see our guide:

Choosing ‘string of’ plants

As these characterful plants become more widely known, an ever-increasing range of species and cultivars are becoming available, with leaves of various fascinating shapes. These include:

• String of beads, Curio rowleyanus (or string of pearls/peas) – this is the original, and a houseplant classic, with bright green, spherical leaves on thin cascading stems up to 90cm (3ft) long
• String of wasabi peas, C. rowleyanus ‘Variegatus’ – a variegated
  

  Variegated means having leaves or other plant parts with streaks, blotches or patches of different colours. Typically, these would be a combination of two colours, such as green and gold or green and white.

  cultivar
  

  Gardeners often use the word variety when referring to a specific plant, but the correct botanical term is 'cultivar'. Whichever word you use, it means a distinctive plant or plants, given a specific cultivar name and usually bred to enhance certain characteristics, such as flower or fruit size, colour, flavour or fragrance, plant size, hardiness, disease resistance, etc. Additionally, it is worth knowing that, botanically, variety has another meaning - it refers to a naturally-occurring distinct plant that only has slight differences in its looks. For example, Malva alcea var. fastigiata differs from typical plants by having an upright habit.

  of the above, with pea-like green and cream leaves
• String of tears, C. citriformis – has pointed ovoid leaves on short stems, up to 10cm (4in) long
• String of watermelons, C. herreianus – striped, egg-shaped leaves on trailing stems up to 30cm (1ft) long
• String of bananas, C. radicans – long, curved green leaves, on stems up to 90cm (3ft) long
• String of dolphins, C. peregrinus – like the above but with branched leaves

Other (unrelated) trailing plants with similar quirky charm include string of hearts (Ceropegialinearis subsp. woodii AGM) and string of turtles (Peperomiaprostrata).

Buying ‘string of’ plants

String of beads is the most widely available of these plants, available from most garden centres and houseplant retailers. The other species and cultivars may be a little harder to track down – try specialist houseplant or succulent retailers. Although officially called Curio, they may still be sold under their previous name Senecio – or their more memorable and appealing common names.

When buying, choose plants that are bright green, with plenty of healthy-looking stems and leaves. Avoid any with brown stems, shrivelled foliage or large areas of missing leaves.

Newly purchased plants can usually stay in their existing container for at least a year until repotting is required. However, if the compost

Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own.

seems very dark and heavily saturated, you may wish to repot your plant right away.

When repotting, use a free-draining peat-free compost mix for succulents

A group of plants that have thick, fleshy leaves or stems that are able to store water. This allows them to survive in arid habitats with low moisture.

and cacti. Alternatively, make your own by mixing two parts loam-based, peat-free compost with one part horticultural grit.

Choose a pot that is only slightly larger than the previous one, to avoid problems with overpotting. If there’s an excess of compost, it can stay damp for too long after watering, causing root rot. Also make sure the pot has plenty of drainage holes in the base to allow water to drain out easily. Terracotta pots are a good choice, as they draw excess water away from the roots.

See our video guide to repotting houseplants:

Location

These plants enjoy bright light, such as near an east- or west-facing window. In summer, keep them out of direct sunlight in the middle part of the day, as this can scorch the leaves. South-facing positions aren’t ideal for this reason. However, if they don’t get enough light, they may become weak and straggly, and the leaves may stay small.

To show off their trailing stems to the full, position them on a high shelf, or in a hanging basket or macramé hanger. They will also trail across a flat surface if you have space. Some species have longer stems than others – string of beads can easily trail 90cm (3ft) or more.

Do take care to position these plants out of reach of children and pets – despite their quirky and appealing appearance, they are toxic and their sap

Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding.

can be a skin irritant.

Temperature

These plants enjoy typical room temparatures, within the range of 10–25°C (50–75°F). Keep them out of chilly draughts and away from direct heat sources, such as radiators.

Watering

Be careful when watering, as these plants are easily damaged or killed by overwatering. They originally come from arid habitats and store water in their succulent leaves, so can survive periods of drought – or a forgetful waterer – without undue harm.

Water lightly throughout the growing season

The period of time when an individual plant is in active growth. This will depend on the local climate and light levels, and can vary between different plants, although it is broadly from spring to autumn.

(from April to September), allowing the compost

Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own.

to dry out between waterings. Avoiding splashing the foliage. If using a water dish or outer pot, tip away any excess water that collects in it, so the base of the pot is never left standing in water. Ideally use rainwater or filtered water, although they can tolerate tap water. In winter, water only sparingly, if at all. Just make sure the leaves don’t start to shrivel.

Humidity

These succulents

A group of plants that have thick, fleshy leaves or stems that are able to store water. This allows them to survive in arid habitats with low moisture.

dislike humidity

The concentration of water vapour in the atmosphere. This affects the rate at which plants transpire (lose water from their leaf pores), which in turn affects how much water their roots absorb from the soil. If air humidity is low, plants transpire quickly and become at risk of wilting if water is lost from the leaves faster than it can be absorbed by the roots. Different plants require different levels of humidity to thrive. Many tropical houseplants need high humidity and are best grown in a steamy bathroom, misted regularly or placed on a saucer of damp pebbles. In a greenhouse, humidity can be raised in hot weather by damping down (wetting) the floor or overhead misting.

, so never mist them or group them close together with other plants. They enjoy good air flow around them, but not chilly draughts.

Feeding

These plants aren’t particularly hungry, but if you want to boost their growth, you can feed them once a month or less, during the growing season (April to September). Use a half-strength, general-purpose liquid fertiliser.

If the stems get too long for their location, simply trim them back with scissors. They will soon regrow. Alternatively, move the plant to a higher position, where its stems can trail to their full extent.

Wear gloves when handling or pruning these plants, as the sap

Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding.

can cause skin irritation.

These plants are very easy and fun to propagate, quickly giving you plenty of new plants to increase your houseplant collection or share with friends. There are two easy methods:

• Stem cuttings– these root easily, in about a month. Simply cut a 10cm (4in) length of healthy stem, insert the lower part into moist, peat-free cuttings
  

  A method of growing new plants from parts of an existing plant, such as sections of root, stem, leaf or bud. When prepared correctly and planted in the right conditions, they can produce roots and eventually become independent plants. There is a wide range of different methods for taking cuttings, depending on the plant and time of year.

  compost
  

  Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own.

  , or peat-free multi-purpose compost with added horticultural grit to improve drainage
• Layering – lay a stem across the surface of a pot or tray filled with peat-free cuttings compost (or mix your own, as above). Peg it down gently with a bent wire staple. Alternatively, loop a long stem back into the existing pot and pin onto the compost surface (this can help to fill out a sparse pot). Once rooted, detach from the parent plant

For more on propagating succulents

A group of plants that have thick, fleshy leaves or stems that are able to store water. This allows them to survive in arid habitats with low moisture.

, see our video guide:

These plants are generally healthy and easy-going, as long as they’re given the correct growing conditions (see above). Occasional problems to look out for include:

• Stem rot and shrivelling of leaves – from overwatering. Take care to let the compost
  

  Can refer to either home-made garden compost or seed/potting compost: Garden compost is a soil improver made from decomposed plant waste, usually in a compost bin or heap. It is added to soil to improve its fertility, structure and water-holding capacity. Seed or potting composts are used for growing seedlings or plants in containers - a wide range of commercially produced peat-free composts are available, made from a mix of various ingredients, such as loam, composted bark, coir and sand, although you can mix your own.

  dry out between waterings and water only sparingly in winter
• Scorched leaves – due to hot, bright sunlight. Variegated
  

  Variegated means having leaves or other plant parts with streaks, blotches or patches of different colours. Typically, these would be a combination of two colours, such as green and gold or green and white.

  cultivars are particularly susceptible
• Sap
  

  Sap is a fluid that circulates through a plant's vascular system, in a similar way to blood moving through our veins. Phloem sap carries the sugars produced in the leaves by photosynthesis down to roots and other storage organs, as well as carrying minerals and hormones. Xylem sap is watery and transports nutrients absorbed by the roots upwards to the rest of the plant. Some plants leak sap from wounds or pruning cuts, and this is known as bleeding.

  -sucking insects, such as aphids and mealybugs

For more problem-solving tips, see our guides:

How to help a poorly houseplant

Leaf damage on houseplants