Frangula alnus

RHS Plant Profile
alder buckthorn

Other common names

black alder, berry-bearing alder, butcher's prickwood, dogwood, breuwydd

Synonyms

Rhamnus frangula
Frangula dodonei

Plants for pollinators
Shrubs

A large, bushy deciduous shrub to 5m tall, with glossy rounded to ovate dark green leaves which turn yellow or red in autumn, and clusters of small greenish flowers in late spring and early summer, followed by bright red berries which ripen to black

Position

Full sun, Partial shade

Soil Types

Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand

Max Height

4-8 metres

Max Spread

2.5-4 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
5–10 years
Max Spread
2.5-4 metres
Max Height
4-8 metres

Growing Conditions

Chalk Clay Loam Sand
Moisture
Moist but well–drained
pH
Acid or Alkaline or Neutral

Position

Full sun Partial shade
Aspect
West–facing or East–facing or South–facing or North–facing
Exposure
Exposed or Sheltered
Hardiness
H7

Colour & Scent

Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Rhamnaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
Yes
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Bushy
Potentially harmful
Humans/Pets (dogs): Harmful if eaten. Wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling For further information and contact numbers regarding pets, see the HTA guide to potentially harmful plants
Genus
Frangula can be deciduous or evergreen shrubs or trees, with simple leaves that often colour well in autumn, and tiny yellowish flowers followed by red or black fruit
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
Europe, Asia & Africa

How to Grow

Cultivation

Grow in moist but well-drained soil in sun or part shade. Flowers are attractive to bees. Suitable for hedging, wild or woodland gardens

Propagation

Propagate by seed or semi-ripe cuttings in early summer

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Cottage and informal garden
  • Wildflower meadow
  • Wildlife gardens
  • Hedging and screens

Pruning

Minimal pruning required, see pruning group 1; trim hedges in early spring

Pests

Generally pest-free

Diseases

Generally disease-free