Foeniculum vulgare

RHS Plant Profile
common fennel

Other common names

fenkell, fennel, ffenigl cyffredin, finckle, finkel, Sabbath day posy

Plants for pollinators
Herbaceous Perennial Herbs - Culinary

A hardy, upright, aromatic perennial, or an annual if grown as an edible, to around 180cm in height, with feathery foliage which can be green or tinted bronze or purple, depending on the cultivar. The foliage has a sweet aniseed fragrance and taste. Branching stems of flat-topped, sulphur-yellow flowers appear in summer, followed by oval-shaped, bright green seed/fruit pods which turn yellowish-brown when dried. These can be used to flavour dished with a warm, sweet, aromatic taste

Position

Full sun

Soil Types

Chalk, Clay, Loam, Sand

Max Height

1.5-2.5 metres

Max Spread

0.1-0.5 metres

Size

Time to Maturity
2–5 years
Max Spread
0.1-0.5 metres
Max Height
1.5-2.5 metres

Growing Conditions

Chalk Clay Loam Sand
Moisture
Moist but well–drained
pH
Acid or Alkaline or Neutral

Position

Full sun
Aspect
South–facing or West–facing
Exposure
Sheltered
Hardiness
H5

Colour & Scent

Fragrance Foliage Fruit
Season Stem Flower Foliage Fruit
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter

Botanical Details

Family
Apiaceae
Native to GB/Ireland
Yes
Foliage
Deciduous
Habit
Bushy, Clump forming
Genus
Foeniculum is a large biennial or perennial with aromatic, finely dissected leaves and umbels of small yellow flowers, followed by aromatic fruits
Name Status
Correct
Plant Range
Mediterranean

How to Grow

Cultivation

Grow in moist but well-drained, fertile soil in full sun. May have the potential to become a nuisance if not managed well. See fennel cultivation for further advice

Propagation

Propagate by seed. See sowing vegetable seeds

Suggested planting locations and garden types

  • Architectural
  • City and courtyard gardens
  • Cottage and informal garden
  • Gravel garden
  • Mediterranean climate plants
  • Patio and container plants
  • Prairie planting
  • Wildlife gardens
  • Cut flowers
  • Edible fruit
  • Flower borders and beds

Pruning

Cut back dead stems in autumn or winter. Remove faded flowers to prevent self-seeding

Pests

May be susceptible to aphids and slugs

Diseases

May be susceptible to root rots and Powdery mildews